Resonance Theory Part VIII: What Is Time?

What do we know about time, in the world of physical law?

A quick survey from a high altitude suggests that, in keeping with the above-mentioned paper, there are a few major equations to consider:

• E = MC² (or MV²/2 - for nuclear or kinetic energy)
• E = M x (D/T)²
• T = (M x V x D)/E

And, even more important, the other energy equation:

• E = hγ (or E = hf, more often used today, where h is Planck's constant, and as both of these latter symbols represent the same thing: frequency)

And while it is true that humans and animals do use time as a measure of the flow of energy, time has an inherent, natural role in physics quite aside from such measurement: it is innate to the physical phenomena of both velocity and wave frequency.

In this sense, time is the ratio of Energy to Mass, in the first instance; or, in the second:

• E = h x (cycles/sec) = h x (number of waves/T)
• T = h x (wavecount/E) = wavecount x (h/E)

Without going into the "why" of the patterns that led to this simple manipulation, I will suggest that we begin to see the foundational equations differently if we solve for T and begin thinking in terms not of frequency, but of the actual number of waves in a given package of space (distance), time, or energy. Let's just call this "wavecount."

First then, we now have an equation that tells us Time is a direct function of "wavecount," multiplied by h (the constant that quantizes energy), distributed over total energy.

In short, Time appears to be number of waves (wavecount) per energy.

Moving from Frequency to Wavecount

Close behind (and I suggest you try this in your spare time), we will discover that thinking and calculating in terms of wavecount (number of waves) provides a very different, and productive, view of the physical universe.

Think of the old example of relativity, wherein a train with a front light and a horn travels past an observer, demonstrating the Doppler shift: the faster the train is going, the greater the shift upward in sound and light frequency as it approaches the observer, and vice versa after it passes.

But now, think of the observer as a kind of toll gatekeeper, measuring energy received per second from either light or horn: our observer / toll collector is counting wave peaks, or number of waves, per second. If seconds were on his watch, he would be collecting more per second as the train came closer, and fewer after it passed.

The real currency here is wavecounts, and the actual count dictates the amount of energy he is receiving.

(I have often thought of this as a real problem for advanced interstellar travel, as anyone traveling with enough velocity relative to a destination solar system to be able to get there in a lifetime - so, approaching the speed of light - would arrive as something resembling fried chicken.)

To summarize our prior papers: having demonstrated that all energy is in waves, not particles; and that all space is made of a substantial something (which we playfully have called "yellow jello," for lack of a better term than "ether"), which is the medium that allows such waves; we now see why wavecount could be so important.

At this point, some smart person will be thinking, "Yes, but what about 'wave amplitude?'" - which is a great question, and one that I currently have zero answer to, other than to refer to general cosmology and our work on the red shift, etc. (see "Upgrades" below), which has been well accepted to date. I'll only suggest that, ultimately, amplitude may not be a factor here. Amount of energy, yes; frequency, yes; amplitude, probably not.

Which brings us next to the Quantum Action Equation - and through it, to the role of Planck's constant in a quantum-driven universe.

Understanding Planck's Constant in Matter and Light

If we do a dimensional analysis of the Planck constant, it looks something like this:

E = MC²

E = M (D²/T²)

and

E = hγ

E = h x (cycles/sec)

E = h x (number of waves/T)

and

h = E/γ

h = [M x (D²/T²)]/T

h = M x D²/T

h = M x (D/T) D = MVD

or, in Resonance use, where the distance variable is referred to as R:

h = MVR

(and, perhaps in very special cases, this distance is that between wave peaks, or

h = MV λ)

Connecting Matter and Light: The Quantum Action Equation

First, let's look at both matter and light through the simple lens of Planck's Constant. For matter, we have:

MVλ = h

And for light (EM), we have:

pλ = h

. . . so that we get the Quantum Action Equation:

Here is a short derivation using dimensional analysis I found, months later, online:

Energy of photon is given as:
E = hν
⟹h = Eν
Dimension of E = [ML2T-2]
Dimension of ν is [T-1]

Thus the dimension of plank's constant h is [ML2T-1]

Source: toppr.com

What we are saying here is that:

1. Matter mass times velocity (momentum) times wavelength is equal to Planck's constant, which is equal to momentum times light wavelength.
   
   
2. From this perspective, we can see how matter and light are almost the same, unified by Planck's constant.

Now let's turn back to our definition of Action, and its role in physics. As you'll see, we have chosen to represent this equation as in the paper - i.e.:

S = M∫Vdr, or MVR, where S = Action, V is velocity, R is a distance-related measurement.

Here is the Action section from our "Universe in a Page" issue (footnote 8):

"We here propose that the Principle of Least (effective) Action, in many forms and derivations (including the product of E * T), is the central mathematical term in all of physics. I have discussed this idea with many physicists, including Dr. John Cramer (professor emeritus in nuclear physics, University of Washington), none of whom disagreed - perhaps the best response that such a strong statement might receive upon launch.

In general, we will use the dimensionality of MVR, or Mass times Velocity times the incremental path integral of distance over a path. (Action can also be expressed as E [Mass times Velocity squared] times T, or Energy over the incremental path integral of Time.

I discovered the centrality of the Action term as a pattern across many of the mathematical terms in physics. This week, in writing this paper, I have had the opportunity to do a deeper dive into the universal utility and application of this central physical concept and mathematical term. The first (Least) Action concept came from Euclid's description of light reflecting off a mirror, but it is likely that the first mathematical description came from Pierre Louis Maupertuis, who noted that "Nature is thrifty in all its actions," later adding:

The laws of movement and of rest deduced from this principle being precisely the same as those observed in nature, we can admire the application of it to all phenomena. The movement of animals, the vegetative growth of plants ... are only its consequences; and the spectacle of the universe becomes so much the grander, so much more beautiful, the worthier of its Author, when one knows that a small number of laws, most wisely established, suffice for all movements."

- Wikipedia.org, "Principal of stationary action"

Here are but a few of the laws, mathematics, and physical principles that can be derived directly from Action:

1. Classical mechanics
2. Classical fields (electromagnetic, gravitational)
3. Quantum mechanics
4. Quantum field theory
5. Lagrangians, and the Euler-Lagrange equations
6. Hertz's principle of least curvature
7. Hamilton's principle and characteristic functions
8. Maxwell's equations
9. Feynman's (QED) path integral formulations
10. The quantum interference calculations of probability waves in QM
11. The conservation laws, via Noether's theorem
12. Thermodynamics
13. Fluid mechanics
14. Special and general relativity
15. String theory (see Resonance theory)

And more.

It would seem now obvious that, our having found MVR via pattern recognition, reflection confirms its central position in physics.

Action is the fundamental mathematics and physical concept in physics."

- "SNS: The Universe in a Page"

And finally, to complete the meanings of what we are looking at:

Summary

As physicists are well aware, the term for matter momentum, MV, is essentially identical to the term for electromagnetic momentum, p, which brings the identity characteristics of matter and light into even sharper focus. Their shared equality to h has three obvious meanings: first, that they are equal; second, that both light and matter momenta equal the constant representing all energy quanta; and third, that this constant represents the concept of Action, perhaps the most central equation in all of physics.

A Little Pattern Humor

When I first discovered the action mathematics, it was from a very wide pattern search against all of the force laws. Later, I realized it had been discussed for hundreds of years in different contexts.

This week, in writing this issue, I knew I would use the above equation, which has been on the whiteboard in my office for six months - also the result of pattern recognition. I needed a name for the equation and finally came up with what seemed just right, given these patterns: the Quantum Action Equation.

This week I discovered that not only the idea, but also the name itself, had already come into being, through an entirely different process more organic to "normal" physics.

It really does seem that all pattern roads lead to "Rome." Those following the pattern road just get there much, much more quickly.

Your comments are always welcome.

Sincerely,

Mark Anderson

mark@stratnews.com

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The Resonance Theory Programme

This is the seventh white paper on Resonance theory.

The theory has been based on two main pillars:

1. Space is not empty, and the laws of physics derive directly from the physical attributes of (otherwise empty) space.
   
   
2. The application of pattern recognition to science leads to new and major discoveries unavailable to those following silo paths.

Resonance theory has been laid out in these previous issues of the Global Report:

• Resonance Theory (7/28/11)
  
  
• Resonance Theory Part II (8/27/20)
  
  
• Resonance Theory Part III (9/1/20)
  
  
• Resonance Theory Part IV: Understanding Dark Energy & Matter and Einstein's Third Biggest Mistake (9/29/21)
  
  
• Resonance Theory Part V: Reinterpreting the Cosmos (10/13/21)
  
  
• Resonance Theory Part VI: The Cosmos: Motivating Force and Organizing Principles (11/3/21)
  
  
• Resonance Theory Part VII: What Is Spin? (9/15/2024)

Related Materials

Video: FiRe 2022: Redefining the Cosmos: The Resonance Approach: David Brin interviews Mark Anderson (52:35)

SNS: The Universe in a Page: The Flow and Interaction of Energy and Time (7/19/22)

SNS: Special Alert: A New Resonance Era for the Cosmos (8/28/22)

SNS: How to Build an Atom (9/20/23)

Additional Archives

Almost all of the ideas and work described in these issues were originally concluded, after two years of effort, in 1979, with the first dated and serial-numbered submission to Physical Review Letters D being in 1981. Of course, PRL didn't publish it, since it used additional new stringlike wave geometries made of otherwise-empty space, rather than the fields the peer reviewers were accustomed to.

The original paper can be found here:

https://www.stratnews.com/resonance/

And the supporting documents here:

https://www.stratnews.com/resonance-support/

Note: Some letters may be republished to include subsequent replies.

Subject: Re: "SNS: PATTERN ECONOMICS: Using Patterns to Accurately Predict the Global Economy"

Mark,

First Medicine, now branching out into econometrics at various levels - next the WORLD? You need along the way at each step that AI/AGI as it develops, including ways to conserve energy / data requirements, improve Machine / AI / AGI performance including cost and machine creativity, ideation, emergence is not far better going forward.

You are wicked smart, but essentially acting like someone trying to invent, sell, an increasingly general capability, Ap. sans [sic] serious future projections, mostly just drawing attention to the latest AP results...

Best,

Dennis Bushnell

HFAIAA, FASME, FRAeS
Member, National Academy of Engineering
Chief Scientist (ret.)
NASA Langley Research Center
Hampton, VA

Dennis,

Actually, the study history for me has gone more like this:

1. Develop the theory that pattern recognition is a different and more powerful path than the usual silo/instructional path;
   
   
2. Apply this theory to something dauntingly difficult:
   
   
1. Unification of force laws into new shared patterns;
   
   
2. Make strides using above in issues of Resonance in physics
   
   
3. Apply to a wider range of arenas, including:
   
   
1. Predictions in the convergence of telecommunications and computing;
   
   
2. Predictions in how technology drives the world economy in the post information age.

In both 2 and 3, the predictions, over the last few decades, have been both specific and, in general, useful, it would seem: predicting financial crises, discovering the just-emerged Chinese InfoMerc national business model, and briefing the Five Eyes; etc.

I hope that, in this issue, a suggestion to turn to the idea of using "wavecount" (number of waves), while strikingly simple, in place of a current focus on frequency, might bring some major shifts in how we understand the mechanics of wave function in quantum electrodynamics, much along the lines of "How to Build an Atom" and "What Is Spin?" [see Upgrades" above].

At least, I hope so.

Thank you for paying attention, and for continuing to write in.

Mark Anderson

[Andersons],

As someone who actually studied Economics at Harvard, I think Mark is exaggerating a bit, at least compared to my own experience. I was introduced to each of these concepts, though not by these labels, in the Economics classes I took. I agree with Mark, however, that they were not the concepts used by the economists trying to make predictions. 

And, as my Contract Law professor (the same one who taught the author of The Paper Chase) might say to my professors, "you made the points, but you did not drive them home!"  Mark's succinct summary of each point constitutes a much stronger "drive to home" than the form in which I heard them in my classes. For example, "the barnacle theory" is a much more evocative term than "cruft," which some use to point out unnecessary complications in many things, including software and government policy. (I might also add that entropy often does not move straight from order to chaos, but goes through complexity first.) For another example, the terms learning curve and human capital are not as evocative as the embodiment of those phenomena into items tangible (technology) and intangible (IP - usually in the form of patents, copyrights, and trade secrets). To copy those items is also to leap on top of the learning curves that others have climbed and suck away part of the human capital those others have acquired.

Similarly, hyperstructural economics is a much more elegant term than demand-induced supply and its counterpart supply-induced demand (a big theme in Gilder's writings on semiconductors). Flow and interaction are more elegant and all-encompassing terms than transactions and currency circulation. National business model is a more elegant and all-encompassing term than national economic policies (caught in a "false" spectrum between the Platonic ideal types of  "total socialism" and "free-market capitalism").

So just as one can get a patent for putting existing items together in new and useful ways, and get a copyright for putting existing ideas and even expressions of those ideas in new ways (copyright does not require usefulness), I give Mark and his team a great deal of credit for, as Bill Gates would say, embracing and extending old concepts in new and useful ways with much more elegant terminology. Nonetheless, I do feel my Harvard Economics professors did in fact expose me to "pale shadow" predecessors of the concepts Mark has so succinctly and elegantly summarized.

Rollie Cole

Senior Fellow, Sagamore Institute for Policy Research
Author, Wholesale Economic Development
Austin, TX

Rollie,

Thank you for this thoughtful letter. 

I have two basic responses:

1. Some of the terms and ideas you have referenced from the past are not exact precursors, which I think you also have noted. The idea of unavoidable economic parasitism in systems over time (the Barnacle Theory) is not exactly like saying there may be cruft. 

2. While one can no doubt find "everything under the sun" in past economic texts at Harvard or elsewhere, I think you catch the idea that using pattern recognition against real outcomes (national business models - ie, IP theft on a grand scale) are not the same as stated policies - ie, communism, socialism - which is why we only use actions in pattern recognition data.

I state these things not in disagreement, but the other way around, and hope that by being more specific, perhaps we can move the predictive history of current economic theory off its current position of  "the dismal science" and toward a position of high utility in prediction.

Thanks again for writing in,

Mark Anderson

Subject: In case you haven't seen this yet...

Hi Evan,

Thanks for your recent SNS re: electric vehicles ["THE SURGE: All-Electric Becomes the Norm," 3/9/25] - it provided helpful perspective.

On another topic you've been close to, it looks like we're not the only ones pissing off countries around the world . . .

https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/10/americas/argentine-military-hunts-chinese-fishing-vessels?cid=external-feeds_iluminar_flipboard

Best regards,

Robert Hadley

Principal
Hadley Properties
Bellevue, WA
www.HadleyProperties.com

Thank you, Robert -

And thank you for sending this along. It feels like all navies should be working in conjunction on this, since the Chinese fleet has denuded entire fisheries in the coastal waters of other sovereign states. It's certainly a legitimate concern, and the Argentines are right to be watchful. 

They should permanently seize any ships that misbehave. 

Evan Anderson

Subject: "SNS: THE SURGE: All-Electric Becomes the Norm"

Hi Evan,

Reference your roundup of the worldwide electric vehicle market dated March 9th; thank-you!

One thing stands out immediately.

Within a few years there will need to be a massive new industry rise out of nowhere.

The industry will be dealing with all the worn-out batteries.

Whoever gets that right will be the new richest person in the world within ten years.

It's probably a subject for another Global Report.

Best wishes,

Jim Sinclair

Australia

Jim,

Absolutely. There are already a lot of businesses popping up to use them, including some started by SNS members :). From what I understand, standards for auto batteries mean that they need to be swapped out when the cells still have a massive majority of their efficacy left, and thus these can be directly reassembled into battery storage for all manner of things. I picture a world filled with container batteries made up of used car cells, drastically improving storage for distributed solar generation in homes, commercial buildings, etc.

And a fortune to be made in all of it. Pretty cool stuff.

Evan Anderson

* On June 8-11, Mark will be speaking on a variety of subjects, and hoping to see many of our SNS members in person, at the FiRe 2025 conference.

In between times, he will be updating the population chart of Salish Sea Orca, to show that those SNS members who have contributed to Orca Relief Citizens' Alliance can be proud of reversing the decline in the resident killer whale population, thanks to your support over the last two decades.

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